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History of civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces
Civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces are civil-military operations (CMO) use of military force to control areas seized from the enemy (or a third party), minimize insurgency or civil interference with military operations, and maximize civil support for military operations. CMO is conducted in conjunction with combat operations during wartime and becomes a central part of a military campaign in counter-insurgencies. CMO operations have been in frequent use since 1775 by the Army, as well as more recently by the Navy and Marine Corps.
==Early history==
Civil-military operations (CMO) conducted by the U.S. Military were common in the colonial era in dealing with hostile Indians. They became major activities for the Continental Army in American Revolution. During that war, all sides employed civil affairs in every colony/state. Military authorities managed activities that civilians had managed prior to the war. The invasion of Canada in 1775 was an early example, The American invaders won considerable support from the locals, but failed to capture Quebec City and were forced to retreat in disarray.
In the U.S.-Mexican War, Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott could be considered the "Father of Civil Affairs." He displayed a deep respect for the Mexican people and their culture. Scott enjoyed great success in keeping civilian problems from interfering with military operations by issuing General Order No. 20 and ensuring the Provost Marshals office enforced it. The United States Army considers this to be where Civil Affairs (CA) originated.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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